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The Bi-National - Bisexuality in the Ancient World

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The word "bisexual" is first used in its current sense in Charles Gilbert Chaddock's translation of Kraft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis in 1892, but in the Ancient world, Bisexuality was practiced in most Nations throughout the world, with different terms used to describe the way of life.

Two Spirit Culture in Native American Society


The Two Spirit term was adopted in 1990 at an Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering to encourage the replacement of the term berdache, which means, “passive partner in sodomy, boy prostitute.”

A Two Spirit person is a male-bodied or female-bodied person with a masculine or feminine essence. Two Spirits can cross social gender roles, gender expression, and sexual orientation.

Since Europeans arrived in the Americas, they’ve documented encounters with Two Spirit people. In many tribes, Two Spirit people were accepted and respected, but that changed with colonization. The colonizers, through forced assimilation efforts, changed acceptance into homophobia in many indigenous communities.

Within most tribes there is a term, in their language, to describe a Two Spirit person:

Aleut: Male-bodied Ayagigux’ (“man transformed into a woman”)
Female-bodied Tayagigux’ (“woman transformed into a man”)
Arapaho: Male-bodied Haxu’xan (singular), Hoxuxuno (plural) (“rotten bone”)
Arikara: Male-bodied Kuxa’t
Assiniboine: Male-bodied Winktan
Bannock: Male-bodied Tuva’sa (“sterile”)
Bella Coola: Male-bodied Sx’ints (“hermaphrodite”)
Blackfoot, Southern Peigan: Male-bodied Aakíí’skassi (“acts like a woman”), Female-bodied, Saahkómaapi’aakííkoan (“boy-girl”)
Cheyenne: Male-bodied He’eman (singular), He’emane’o (plural) (he’e = “woman”)
Female-bodied Hetaneman (singular), Hatane’mane’o (plural) (hetan = “man”)
Chickasaw, Choctaw: Male-bodied Hoobuk
Chumash: Male-bodied Agi
Cocopa: Male-bodied Elha (“coward”)
Female-bodied Warrhameh
Coeur d’Alene: Female-bodied St’amia (“hermaphrodite”)
Cree: Male-bodied Aayahkwew (“neither man or woman”)
Crow: Male-bodied Bote/Bate/Bade (“not man, not woman”)
Dakota/Lakota/Nakota (Oyate): Male-bodied Winkte, a contraction of winyanktehca. (‘wants’ or ‘wishes’ to be [like a] woman”).
Female-bodied Bloka egla wa ke (“thinks she can act like a man”)
Flathead: (Interior Salish) Male-bodied Ma’kali
Gros Ventre: Male-bodied Athuth
Hidatsa: Male-bodied: Miati (“to be impelled against one’s will to act the woman,” “woman compelled”)
Hopi: Male-bodied: Ho’va
Illinois Male-bodied: Ikoueta Female-bodied: Ickoue ne kioussa (“hunting women”)
Ingalik Male-bodied: Nok’olhanxodeleane (“woman pretenders”), Female-bodied: Chelxodeleane (“man pretenders”)
Inuit Male-bodied: Sipiniq (“infant whose sex changes at birth”)
Juaneno Male-bodied: Kwit
Karankawa Male-bodied: Monaguia
Keresan, Acoma Male-bodied: Kokwi’ma
Laguna Male-bodied: Kok’we’ma
Klamath Male-/Female-bodied: Tw!inna’ek
Kutenai Male-bodied: Kupatke’tek (“to imitate a woman”), Female-bodied: Titqattek (“pretending to be a man”)
Kumeyaay, Tipai, Kamia Female-bodied: Warharmi
Luiseno, San Juan Capistrano Male-bodied: Cuit Mountain– Male-bodied: Uluqui
Mandan Male-bodied: Mihdacka (mih-ha = “woman”)
Maricopa Male-bodied: Ilyaxai’ (“girlish”) Female-bodied: Kwiraxame
Mescalero Apache Male-bodied: Nde’isdzan (“man-woman”)
Miami Male-bodied: Waupeengwoatar (“the white face,”)
Micmac Male-bodied: Geenumu gesallagee (“he loves men,”)
Miwok Male-bodied: Osabu (osa = “woman”)
Mohave Maled-bodied: Alyha (“coward”) Female-bodied: Hwame
Western Mono Male-bodied: Tai’up
Navajo Male-/female-/intersexed-bodied: Nadleeh or nadle (gender class/category), nadleehi (singular), nadleehe (plural) (“one in a constant state of change,” “one who changes,” “being transformed”)
Nisenan: (Southern Maidu) Male-bodied: Osa’pu
Ojibwa (Chippewa): Male-bodied Agokwa (“man-woman”) Female-bodied: Okitcitakwe (“warrior woman”)
Omaha, Osage, Ponca: Male-bodied: Mixu’ga (“instructed by the moon,” “moon instructed”)
Otoe, Kansa (Kaw): Male-bodied Mixo’ge (“instructed by the moon,” “moon instructed”)
Papago (Tohono O’odham), Pima (Akimel O’odham): Male-bodied Wik’ovat (“like a girl”)
Paiute: Northern Male-bodied: Tudayapi (“dress like other sex”) Southern Male-bodied: Tuwasawuts
Patwin: Male-bodied Panaro bobum pi (“he has two [sexes]”)
Pawnee: Male-bodied: Ku’saat
Pomo: Northern Male-bodied: Das (Da = “woman”) Southern Male-bodied: T!un
Potawatomi Male-bodied: M’netokwe (“supernatural, extraordinary,” Manito plus female suffix)
Quinault Male-bodied: Keknatsa’nxwixw (“part woman”) Female-bodied: Tawkxwa’nsixw (“man-acting”)
Salinan Male-bodied: Coya
Sanpoil Male-bodied: St’a’mia (“hermaphrodite”)
Sauk (Sac), Fox Male-bodied: I-coo-coo-a (“man-woman”)
Shoshone: Male-bodied Taikwahni tainnapa’ or sometimes taikwahni
Female-bodied Taikwahni wa’ippena’
Lemhi: Male/Female-bodied: Tubasa Female-bodied: Waipu sungwe (“woman-half”)
Gosiute Male-bodied: Tuvasa
Promontory Point Male-bodied: Tubasa waip (“sterile woman”), Female-bodied: Waipu sungwe (“woman-half”)
Nevada Male-bodied: Tainna wa’ippe (“man-woman”) Female-bodied: Nuwuducka (“female hunter”)
Takelma Male-bodied: Xa’wisa
Tewa Male-/Female-bodied: Kwido
Tiwa Isleta Male-bodied: Lhunide
Tlingit Male-bodied: Gatxan (“coward”)
Tsimshian Noots; Plural g̱a̱noots; Dialectal Variant g̱a̱noodzit
Southern Ute: Male-bodied Tuwasawits
Winnebago: (Ho-Chunk) Male-bodied Shiange (“unmanly man”)
Wishram: Male-bodied Ik!e’laskait
Yuma (Quechan): Male-bodied: Elxa’ (“coward”)
Female-bodied Kwe’rhame
Yup’ik Chugach/Pacific (Alutiiq, Southern Alaskan): Male-bodied Aranu’tiq (“man-woman”)
St. Lawrence Island (Siberian Yup’ik, Western Alaskan): Male-bodied Anasik
Female-bodied Uktasik
Kuskokwim River (Central Alaskan): Male-bodied Aranaruaq (“woman-like”)
Female-bodied Angutnguaq (“man-like”)
Zapotec: Male-bodied Muxe
Zuni: Male-bodied: Lha’mana (“behave like a woman”)
Female-bodied: Katotse (“boy-girl”)

Two Spirit 101 - Native OUT


Bisexuality & Polygamy in Spartan Society

The city of Sparta was a city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the River Eurotas in the southern part of the Peloponnese. Between c. 650 and 362 B.C. it was the dominant military power in the region, and as such was recognised as the overall leader of the combined Greek forces during the Greco-Persian Wars. Between 431-404 it was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War. By the year 362 Sparta's role as the dominant military power in Greece was over, but the so-called Spartan myth continues to fascinate Western culture.

Ancestral law in ancient Sparta mandated same-sex relationships with young men who were coming of age for all adult men, so long as the men eventually took wives and produced children. The Spartans thought that love and erotic relationships between experienced and novice soldiers would solidify combat loyalty and encourage heroic tactics as men vied to impress their lovers. Once the younger soldiers reached maturity, the relationship was supposed to become non-sexual, and there was some stigma attached to young men who continued their relationships with males into adulthood.

Women, being more independent than in other Greek societies, were able to negotiate with their husbands to bring their lovers into their homes. According to Plutarch in his Life of Lycurgus, men not only allowed their wives to bear the children of other men, but encouraged the practice due to the general communal ethos which made it more important to bear many progeny for the good of the city, than to be jealously concerned with one's own family unit.


Bisexuality in Ancient Japan

Records of men who have sex with men in Japan date back to ancient times. Historical practices identified by scholars as homosexual include shudō , wakashudō and nanshoku.

The Japanese term nanshoku , which can also be read as danshoku, is the Japanese reading of the same characters in Chinese, which literally mean "male colors." The character for color, still has the meaning of sexual pleasure in China and Japan. This term was widely used to refer to same-sex relationships in the pre-modern era of Japan. The term shudō, abbreviated from wakashudō, the "way of young men" is also used, especially in older works. References become more numerous in the Heian Period, roughly the 11th century. Some Heian-era diaries contain references to Emperors involved in homosexual relationships and to "handsome boys retained for sexual purposes" by Emperors.

Several writers have noted the strong historical tradition of open bisexuality and homosexuality among male Buddhist institutions in Japan. The man was permitted, if the boy agreed, to take the boy as his lover until he came of age; this relationship, often formalized in a "brotherhood contract", was expected to be exclusive, with both partners swearing to take no other (male) lovers. From religious circles, same-sex love spread to the warrior (samurai) class, where it was customary for a boy in the wakashū age category to undergo training in the martial arts by apprenticing to a more experienced adult man.

As Japanese society became pacified, the middle classes adopted many of the practices of the warrior class, in the case of shudō giving it a more mercantile interpretation. Male prostitutes (kagema), who were often passed off as apprentice kabuki actors and who catered to a mixed male and female clientele, did a healthy trade into the mid-19th century despite increasing restrictions. Onnagata or oyama (Japanese: "woman-role"), are male actors who played women's roles in Japanese Kabuki theatre.
 
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No reasonable person I know denies these things exist, but the promotion of them in modern culture is what's so worrying. It's one thing say it's okay, don't hate yourself, etc., but it's another saying it's just as valid and important as heterosexuality.
 
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Antóin Mac Comháin
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No reasonable person I know denies these things exist, but the promotion of them in modern culture is what's so worrying. It's one thing say it's okay, don't hate yourself, etc., but it's another saying it's just as valid and important as heterosexuality.
The rise of Feminist Bi-Nationalism



Girls on top: The rise of feminist porn

Once a director instructed me to wait five minutes and then fake an orgasm. I said, ‘give me an additional five minutes and I’ll have a real orgasm’. To me, that’s feminist porn in a nutshell.”

Madison Young is unabashed in her enthusiastic description of life as a porn star. She’s sitting in the middle of a Los Angeles café, not lowering her voice - even when talking about anal and kinky sex.

Porn is being watched by women more than ever. In 2015, One of the world’s most popular free sites, Pornhub, which is visited by 156m people every month, recently revealed that women make up a quarter of its global audience. While a study by the University of Western Ontario, in the same year, found that people who watch porn are more likely to have feminist views. And with the success of mainstream books such as Fifty Shades of Grey - 80 per cent of readers were women - it's little wonder that a more female-focused porn industry is rapidly taking shape.

"Feminist porn takes a cultural form that has historically been seen as the purview of men,” she says. “It reworks sexual images and conventions in an effort to explore new and more diverse kinds of desires."

Porn also has the power to make us feel great and teach consent and communicationMadison - Girls on top: The rise of feminist porn - The Telegraph






The most powerful Hetroseuxual women on the European Political scene, sell sex to their voters, and it doesn't matter what flag they hide behind. Look at the leadership of Nationalism in France, Germany, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and there's a Feminist of one sort or another leading the way. They realized that the combined power of the Feminist and wider Bisexual vote, will always have more muscle power than the straight hetrosexual. They are laughing at us.
 
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Antóin Mac Comháin
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No reasonable person I know denies these things exist..
Iran Arrests More Than 30 ‘Gay’ Men - Iranian Nationalists are different to all other Nationalities? What does the evidence say?

Iran arrested more than thirty men between the ages of 16 and 30 at a private party in Isfahan last week, all of whom are suspected of being homosexuals.

In 2007, former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said, “In Iran, we don’t have homosexuals like in your country. We don’t have that in our country. In Iran, we do not have this phenomenon. I don’t know who’s told you that we have it.” - Iran Arrests More Than 30 'Gay' Men, Will Subject Them to 'Sodomy ...


Cultural anthropology - Homosexualities in World Cultures

Researchers studying the social construction of same-sex relationships in the various cultures around the world have suggested that the concept of homosexuality would best be rendered as "homosexualities."

Africa

Sex in the Ancient World - Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt

It remains unclear, what exact view the Ancient Egyptians fostered about homosexuality. Any document and literature that actually contains sexual orientated stories, never name the nature of the sexual deeds, but instead uses stilted and flowery paraphrases. Ancient Egyptian documents never clearly say that same-sex relationships were seen as reprehensible or despicable. And no Ancient Egyptian document mentions that homosexual acts were set under penalty. Thus, an straight evaluation remains problematic.

Anthropologists Murray and Roscoe reported that certain women in Lesotho engaged in socially sanctioned "long term, erotic relationships" named motsoalle. These practices were more or less tolerated, until attitudes hardened after the coming of Christianity.


Fig. 1 - Greek warriors engaged in social sex

The Middle East

Among many Middle-Eastern Muslim cultures, homosexual practices were widespread and public. Persian poets, such as Attar (d. 1220), Rumi (d. 1273), Sa’di (d. 1291), Hafez (d. 1389), and Jami (d. 1492), wrote poems replete with homo-erotic allusions. The two most commonly documented forms were commercial sex with transgender males or males enacting transgender roles exemplified by the köçek and the bacchá, and certain Sufi spiritual practices.

In Persia, homosexuality and homo-erotic expressions were tolerated in numerous public places, from monasteries and seminaries to taverns, military camps, bathhouses, and coffee houses. In the early Safavid era (1501-1723), male houses of prostitution (amrad khane) were legally recognized and paid taxes. - sexuality in ancient Egypt | Rainbow Sudan

Harem of the Mughals


Harem of the Mughals

Harem of the Mughals - Mughal era is often considered one of the most prosperous eras in India, mainly from the aspect of politics and architecture. Despite the violence involved, politically, Mughals were the first to unify certain portions of India under a single rule and, architecturally, they ushered in the progressive Indo-Persian style. Taj Mahal, Qutub Minar etc. are standing testimonies of architectural development during Mughal rule. The faith of Mughals were inclined towards Islam and Islam has often been interpreted and misinterpreted through centuries. Following are some of the paintings which are a part of the Mughal empire pointing towards the lesser-known liberal approach of people following the faith. Unabashed portrayal of homosexuality, social ills, sexual pleasures surface in the paintings which is suggestive of the social consciousness and forward minded thinking that existed. - 10 most erotic art forms by the Mughals!

Homosexual History in Africa – Zande Warriors

Many today feel that homosexuality was something that never existed in Africa until the Europeans came and began to colonize and spread their sexual evils amongst other things to the continent’s people. But as with most things we hear concerning this in the black church or in the barbershops or beauty salons; this is an absolute myth and lie that has been told to further demonize society’s current view of homosexuality and bi-sexuality.So often we overlook ancient and recent history and pretend things didn’t even exist because they don’t fit our present view of what we deem is morally correct or acceptable. For example there are cave paintings that were created by the San Bushman in Africa 2000 years ago that show men having sex (seems I am not the only one who loves porn). - sexuality in ancient Egypt | Rainbow Sudan
 
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